Conservation strategy and diversity of Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54981/PDCA/vol2_iss2/a2Keywords:
conservation, protected area, spatial distribution, Tulipa, in situ, ex situ, civic awarenessAbstract
In light of the ongoing biodiversity crisis, appropriate conservation strategies are urgently needed. The steadily increasing anthropogenic pressure on nature in Central Asian countries seriously threatens the fate of local species and their habitats. Here, we analyze the threats to the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan and propose an appropriate conservation strategy based on field surveys, observations and literature review. Among the threats evidenced for these species, the most relevant are overgrazing, land use, urbanization, and fragmentation. Analysis of Tulipa distribution in Uzbekistan revealed that 27 species of Tulipa occur in 19 protected areas. Among them, the most important are Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park, Chatkal State Biosphere Reserve, Hissar and Surkhan State Nature Reserves, harboring 10, 9, 9 and 8 species respectively. However, 8 species (of which five species are red-listed) occur in unprotected areas. In addition to the two major conservation approaches, in situ and ex situ, civic awareness is proposed as a third important conservation component. Besides, home garden conservation is proposed as an effective tool for conservation of Tulipa that requires support from the government.
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Results of interspecific hydridization of T. kaufmanniana and T. tschimganica. AT. kaufmanniana, BT. tschimganica and CT. kaufmanniana (photos by Komiljon Tojibaev and Dovron Dekhkonov) Suppl. Fig. 11. View of Botschanzeva’s tulip exposition (A) and newly established tulip garden (B, C, and D) in Tashkent Botanical Garden Dekhkonov et al. Table 3. Phenology and distribution patterns of species of Tulipa in botanic-geographic regions of Uzbekistan № B-G districts Species RDB richness species 1. Ugam-Pskem 2. Western Chatkal 3. Arashan 4. Kurama Blooming Middle Blooming Phenology mountain Phenology I. Central Asian Mountain Province I-1 Western Tian-Shan region T. greigii Flowering: last decade of III, T.kaufmanniana fruiting: mid till IV T. greigii Flowering: last decade of III, T. vvedenskyi fruiting: till mid IV T.kaufmanniana Foothill Alpine T. dubia T.dasystemon T.dubia T.dasystemon T.dubia T.dasystemon T. korolkowii T. greigii Flowering: mid III and IV, fruiting: V T.dubia Flowering: till mid VI, fruiting: last decade of VI T.dubia T.dasystemon Blooming Phenology Flowering: mid VII, fruiting: mid and end of VII Flowering: mid VII, fruiting: mid and end of VII Flowering: mid VII, fruiting: mid and end of VII Flowering: till mid VI, fruiting: till the end of VI T. vvedenskyi T.kaufmanniana 5. Chorkesar T. scharipovii T. intermedia Flowering: mid III, fruiting: 1st decade of VI T. korolkowii T.dasystemon Flowering: till mid VI, fruiting: till the end of VI Dekhkonov et al. 6. Tashkent T. korolkowii T. greigii 7. South Chatkal I-2 Fergana region T. ferganica 8. Western Alay I-3 Fergana-Alay region T. korolkowii 9. Eastern Alay T. ferganica 10. Nuratau I-4 Nuratau region T. affinis T. korolkowii 11. Aktau T. micheliana T. affinis Flowering: last decade of IV till mid V, fruiting: V Flowering III, fruiting VI Flowering: last decade of III till mid IV, fruiting: 1st decade of V Flowering: last decade of III till mid IV, fruiting: 1st decade of V T.dasystemon Flowering: till mid VI, fruiting: till the end of VI Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV Flowering: last decade of III, Conservation-oriented restoration and its application to Central Asia Dekhkonov et al. T. lehmanniana T. korolkowii 12. Nuratau Relic Mountains T. micheliana T. affinis T. lehmanniana T. korolkowii 13. North Turkestan T. micheliana I-5 Kuhistan region T. affinis T. korolkowii fruiting: till mid IV Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV T.dasystemon Flowering: till mid VI, fruiting: till the end of VI T. micheliana 14. Malguzar T. affinis T. korolkowii 15. Urgut T. ingens T. fosteriana Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV T. korolkowii Dekhkonov et al. 16. ZiadinZirabulak T. korolkowii T. micheliana 17. Kashkadaryo I-6 Western Hissar region T. ingens T. korolkowii Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV T.dasystemon Flowering: till mid VI, fruiting: till the end of VI T. micheliana 18. Tarkapchigay, T. korolkowii T. micheliana 19. 20. Baysun Kuhitang Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV T. uzbekistanica T.tubergeniana Flowering: T. tubergeniana Flowering: last last decade T. ingens decade of III, of III, fruiting: till mid T. carinata fruiting: till IV mid IV T. korolkowii T.tubergeniana Flowering: last decade of III, T. micheliana T. tubergeniana T.orithyioides Flowering: till mid VI, fruiting: till the end of VI Flowering: last decade of III, T. ingens Dekhkonov et al. fruiting: till T. korolkowii mid IV fruiting: till mid IV T. micheliana 21. 22. 23. SurkhanSherabad SangardakTupalang Babatag T. bactriana Flowering: T. tubergeniana last decade T.tubergeniana of III, T. korolkowii fruiting: till mid IV I-7 Hissar-Darvaz region T.tubergeniana Flowering: T. tubergeniana last decade T. ingens of III, fruiting: till T. carinata mid IV T. korolkowii I-8 Panj region T. tubergeniana T. korolkowii Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV T.orithyioides Flowering: till mid VI, fruiting: till the end of VI Flowering: last decade of III, fruiting: till mid IV T. lanata Dekhkonov et al. 24. Mirzachul 25. Kyzylkum 26. Kyzylkum Relic Mountains 27. Lower Zaravshan II. Turan Province II-2 Middle Syrdarya region T.borszczowii Flowering: mid III, fruiting: till mid IV II-3 Kyzylkum region T.lehmanniana Flowering: mid III, T.korolkowii fruiting: till mid IV T.lehmanniana Flowering: mid III, T.borszczowii fruiting: till mid IV II-4 Bukhara region T.lehmanniana Flowering: mid III, fruiting: till mid IV
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